{"id":1648,"date":"2024-02-20T09:05:20","date_gmt":"2024-02-20T08:05:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.kratkyaudit.cz\/?p=1648"},"modified":"2024-02-20T09:05:22","modified_gmt":"2024-02-20T08:05:22","slug":"zmeny-v-danich-od-1-1-2024","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.kratkyaudit.cz\/en\/zmeny-v-danich-od-1-1-2024\/","title":{"rendered":"Zm\u011bny v dan\u00edch od 1.1.2024"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Z\u00e1kon \u010d. 349\/2023 Sb. &#8211; konsolida\u010dn\u00ed bal\u00ed\u010dek  a dan\u011b z p\u0159\u00edjmu<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Novou v\u00fdznamnou legislativou pro rok 2024 je z\u00e1kon \u010d. 349\/2023 Sb., kter\u00fdm se m\u011bn\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00e9 z\u00e1kony v souvislosti s konsolidac\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch rozpo\u010dt\u016f (tzv. \u201ekonsolida\u010dn\u00ed bal\u00ed\u010dek\u201c).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Z\u00e1kon m\u011bn\u00ed v\u00edce ne\u017e sto pr\u00e1vn\u00edch p\u0159edpis\u016f. Rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 zm\u011bny jsou v z\u00e1kon\u011b \u010d. 586\/1992 Sb., o dan\u00edch z p\u0159\u00edjm\u016f, kde se velk\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st zm\u011bn t\u00fdk\u00e1 zda\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edjm\u016f fyzick\u00fdch osob.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sazby dan\u011b z p\u0159\u00edjm\u016f fyzick\u00fdch osob jsou v \u010cR 15 % a 23 %. Vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed sazba dan\u011b se od roku 2024 uplat\u0148uje p\u0159i p\u0159ekro\u010den\u00ed 36n\u00e1sobku pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9 mzdy (do roku 2023 to byl 48n\u00e1sobek). Pro rok 2024 to je tedy \u010d\u00e1stka 1.582.812 K\u010d. M\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed z\u00e1loha na da\u0148 ze z\u00e1visl\u00e9 \u010dinnosti  se vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed sazbou dan\u00ed nov\u011b ji\u017e od hranice 131 901 K\u010d (3n\u00e1sobek pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9 mzdy).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sazba dan\u011b z p\u0159\u00edjm\u016f pr\u00e1vnick\u00fdch osob se zvy\u0161uje na 21 % a vztahuje se na v\u0161echna zda\u0148ovac\u00ed obdob\u00ed po 1.1.2024.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Podle nov\u00e9 pr\u00e1vn\u00ed \u00fapravy se uplatn\u011bn\u00ed slevy na dani na man\u017eelku \u010di man\u017eela s vlastn\u00edm ro\u010dn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edjmem ni\u017e\u0161\u00edm ne\u017e 68.000 K\u010d t\u00fdk\u00e1 pouze poplatn\u00edk\u016f \u017eij\u00edc\u00edch ve spole\u010dn\u011b hospoda\u0159\u00edc\u00ed dom\u00e1cnosti s vy\u017eivovan\u00fdm d\u00edt\u011btem poplatn\u00edka do 3 let v\u011bku. Da\u0148ov\u00e1 sleva za um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed d\u00edt\u011bte (tzv. \u0161kolkovn\u00e9) \u010di zaplacen\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvky odbor\u016fm a da\u0148ov\u00e1 sleva na studenta jsou zru\u0161eny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Od roku 2024 se na vyjmenovan\u00e9 nepen\u011b\u017en\u00ed zam\u011bstnaneck\u00e9 benefity vztahuje \u00fahrnn\u00fd ro\u010dn\u00ed limit pro jejich osvobozen\u00ed ve v\u00fd\u0161i poloviny pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9 mzdy, co\u017e je pro rok 2024 \u010d\u00e1stka 21.983 K\u010d. Hodnota benefit\u016f nad tento limit je pova\u017eov\u00e1na za zdaniteln\u00fd p\u0159\u00edjem zam\u011bstnance s povinnost\u00ed odvod\u016f soci\u00e1ln\u00edho a zdravotn\u00edho poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed. (Jedn\u00e1 se nap\u0159. o p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvky na kulturu, sport, rekreaci, zdravotn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010di aj.). Gener\u00e1ln\u00ed finan\u010dn\u00ed \u0159editelstv\u00ed vydalo v t\u00e9to souvislosti ke zda\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed benefit\u016f Metodickou informaci (www.financnisprava.cz), kde se mj. zab\u00fdv\u00e1 tak\u00e9 problematikou da\u0148ov\u00e9ho re\u017eimu stravov\u00e1n\u00ed zam\u011bstnanc\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>P\u0159\u00edjem zam\u011bstnance ve form\u011b drobn\u00e9ho ob\u010derstven\u00ed na pracovi\u0161ti, jako forma vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed pracovn\u00edch podm\u00ednek, nad\u00e1le nepodl\u00e9h\u00e1 zdan\u011bn\u00ed. U p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvk\u016f zam\u011bstnavatele na penzijn\u00ed spo\u0159en\u00ed a \u017eivotn\u00ed poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed zam\u011bstnanc\u016f je nastaven jednotn\u00fd limit 48.000 K\u010d, jinak se pr\u00e1vn\u00ed \u00faprava nem\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V da\u0148ov\u00fdch v\u00fddaj\u00edch\/n\u00e1kladech ji\u017e nebude mo\u017en\u00e9 uplatnit jako propaga\u010dn\u00ed p\u0159edm\u011bt tich\u00e9 v\u00edno opat\u0159en\u00e9 firemn\u00edm logem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Novelizovan\u00e9 zn\u011bn\u00ed zav\u00e1d\u00ed nov\u00fd souhrnn\u00fd limit osvobozen\u00ed na ostatn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edjmy ve v\u00fd\u0161i 50.000 K\u010d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Zam\u011bstnanci budou ji\u017e v lednov\u00fdch mzd\u00e1ch hradit nov\u011b odvod na nemocensk\u00e9 poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed ve v\u00fd\u0161i 0,6 %. Pojistn\u00e9 na soci\u00e1ln\u00ed zabezpe\u010den\u00ed pro zam\u011bstnance tedy bude \u010dinit nov\u011b 7,1 %. Pro OSV\u010c, kter\u00e9 hrad\u00ed minim\u00e1ln\u00ed odvody na soci\u00e1ln\u00ed zabezpe\u010den\u00ed, \u010din\u00ed minim\u00e1ln\u00ed z\u00e1loha, splatn\u00e1 ji\u017e za leden 2024, pro hlavn\u00ed \u010dinnost 3.852 K\u010d, pro vedlej\u0161\u00ed \u010dinnost 1.413 K\u010d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Novela z\u00e1kona upravuje tak\u00e9 odvod soci\u00e1ln\u00edho zabezpe\u010den\u00ed a zdravotn\u00edho poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed z dohod o proveden\u00ed pr\u00e1ce. Zde jsou v\u0161ak p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e1 ustanoven\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e1 a\u017e od 1.7.2024, a d\u00e1 se o\u010dek\u00e1vat, \u017ee se jejich zn\u011bn\u00ed do \u00fa\u010dinnosti je\u0161t\u011b uprav\u00ed. Jsou zde upraveny dva limity pro vznik \u00fa\u010dasti na soci\u00e1ln\u00edm poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed: bu\u010f 25 % pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9 mzdy u jednoho zam\u011bstnavatele (pro rok 2024 jde o limit 10.991,75 K\u010d) nebo 40 % pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9 mzdy p\u0159i soub\u011bhu v\u00edce dohod u v\u00edce zam\u011bstnavatel\u016f (pro rok 2024 se jedn\u00e1 o \u00fahrnn\u00fd limit cca 17.586,80 K\u010d).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Od roku 2024 je mo\u017en\u00e9 vylou\u010dit ze z\u00e1kladu dan\u011b nerealizovan\u00e9 kurzov\u00e9 rozd\u00edly, kter\u00e9 doposud musely firmy zda\u0148ovat. Zda\u0148ovat se tento p\u0159\u00edjem bude a\u017e v obdob\u00ed, kdy bude kurzov\u00fd rozd\u00edl realizov\u00e1n. Tento re\u017eim mus\u00ed b\u00fdt ozn\u00e1men spr\u00e1vci dan\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Zdan\u011bn\u00ed nepen\u011b\u017eit\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edjmu zam\u011bstnance u bezemisn\u00edho osobn\u00edho automobilu, kter\u00fd bude pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n jak za pracovn\u00edm \u00fa\u010delem, tak i soukrom\u00fdm, \u010din\u00ed nov\u011b 0,25 % ze vstupn\u00ed ceny automobilu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Od roku 2024 je maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed da\u0148ov\u011b uznateln\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1stka na po\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed osobn\u00edho automobilu (kategorie M1) omezena na 2 mil. korun. Obdobn\u011b je to p\u0159i po\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed automobilu na operativn\u00ed \u010di finan\u010dn\u00ed leasing. V souvislosti s t\u00edm doch\u00e1z\u00ed tak\u00e9 ke zm\u011bn\u011b p\u0159i uplatn\u011bn\u00ed odpo\u010dtu DPH, kde je stanoven odpo\u010det maxim\u00e1ln\u011b ve v\u00fd\u0161i 420 tis. korun.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Zm\u011bny v DPH<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Od roku 2024 jsou aplikov\u00e1ny pouze dv\u011b sazby DPH, a to z\u00e1kladn\u00ed 21 % a sn\u00ed\u017een\u00e1 12 %. To povede k p\u0159e\u0159azen\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00e9ho zbo\u017e\u00ed \u010di slu\u017eeb do jin\u00e9 sazby. Nap\u0159. u potravin, zdravotnick\u00fdch prost\u0159edk\u016f, nemovitost\u00ed pro soci\u00e1ln\u00ed bydlen\u00ed, stavebn\u00edch prac\u00ed u rodinn\u00fdch a bytov\u00fdch dom\u016f (z 15 % na 12 %), resp. ubytovac\u00ed a stravovac\u00ed slu\u017eby, vodn\u00e9 a sto\u010dn\u00e9, teplo, l\u00e9ky \u010di vstupenky na sportovn\u00ed a kulturn\u00ed akce (z 10 % na 12 %), nebo n\u00e1poje \u010di sb\u011br, p\u0159eprava a ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed komun\u00e1ln\u00edho odpadu (z 10 % nebo 15 % na 21 %).<br>Schv\u00e1len\u00e1 novela z\u00e1kona o dani z p\u0159idan\u00e9 hodnoty, kter\u00e1 je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed tzv. konsolida\u010dn\u00edho bal\u00ed\u010dku, ru\u0161\u00ed dv\u011b sn\u00ed\u017een\u00e9 sazby dan\u011b z p\u0159idan\u00e9 hodnoty (15 % a 10 %) a od ledna 2024 zav\u00e1d\u00ed pouze jednu sn\u00ed\u017eenou sazbu DPH ve v\u00fd\u0161i 12 %. V d\u016fsledku toho doch\u00e1z\u00ed k men\u0161\u00edm \u00faprav\u00e1m elektronick\u00e9ho formul\u00e1\u0159e kontroln\u00edho hl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed a da\u0148ov\u00e9ho hl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed k DPH, zejm\u00e9na t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00edch se popis\u016f vybran\u00fdch polo\u017eek. Tyto \u00fapravy budou p\u0159edm\u011btem aktualizace vyhl\u00e1\u0161ky \u010d. 457\/2020 Sb. Ve formul\u00e1\u0159i kontroln\u00edho hl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed nad\u00e1le z\u016fstanou pole pro t\u0159i sazby DPH, a to z d\u016fvod\u016f mo\u017en\u00e9ho uplatn\u011bn\u00ed n\u00e1roku na odpo\u010det dan\u011b v z\u00e1konn\u00e9 t\u0159\u00edlet\u00e9 lh\u016ft\u011b, vykazov\u00e1n\u00ed oprav z\u00e1kladu dan\u011b a v\u00fd\u0161e dan\u011b, tak i nap\u0159\u00edklad z d\u016fvodu mo\u017en\u00e9ho pod\u00e1n\u00ed kontroln\u00edho hl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed a n\u00e1sledn\u00e9ho kontroln\u00edho hl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed za obdob\u00ed p\u0159ed novelou ZDPH \u00fa\u010dinnou od roku 2024. Zm\u011bny vyvolan\u00e9 konsolida\u010dn\u00edm bal\u00ed\u010dkem nemaj\u00ed z\u00e1sadn\u00ed dopad ani do formul\u00e1\u0159e da\u0148ov\u00e9ho hl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed k DPH. U formul\u00e1\u0159e budou upraveny pouze popisy u vybran\u00fdch polo\u017eek (\u0159\u00e1dk\u016f), samotn\u00e9 polo\u017eky z\u016fstanou beze zm\u011bny.<br>Nov\u00e9 verze struktury XML elektronick\u00e9ho formul\u00e1\u0159e kontroln\u00edho a da\u0148ov\u00e9ho hl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed k DPH pro rok 2024 budou k dispozici na port\u00e1lu \u201emoje-dane.cz\u201c a na technick\u00e9 podpo\u0159e aplikac\u00ed da\u0148ov\u00e9ho port\u00e1lu. Elektronick\u00fd formul\u00e1\u0159 souhrnn\u00e9ho hl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed VIES v\u010detn\u011b pokyn\u016f k jeho vypln\u011bn\u00ed z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 pro rok 2024 beze zm\u011bny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Da\u0148 z nemovitosti a spot\u0159ebn\u00ed da\u0148<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Postupn\u011b se navy\u0161uje spot\u0159ebn\u00ed da\u0148 z lihu a u tab\u00e1kov\u00fdch v\u00fdrobk\u016f. Tich\u00e9 v\u00edno, medovina a cidery nebudou i nad\u00e1le p\u0159edm\u011btem spot\u0159ebn\u00ed dan\u011b stejn\u011b jako doposud.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sazby dan\u011b z nemovit\u00fdch v\u011bc\u00ed vzrostou v pr\u016fm\u011bru na 1,8 n\u00e1sobek st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edch sazeb. Ve\u0161ker\u00fd p\u0159\u00edjem z dan\u00ed z nemovit\u00fdch v\u011bc\u00ed z\u016fstane obc\u00edm. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 dost\u00e1vaj\u00ed obce v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pravomoc ve zdan\u011bn\u00ed zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdch pozemk\u016f. Nov\u011b se tak\u00e9 zav\u00e1d\u00ed infla\u010dn\u00ed koeficient, kter\u00fd bude automaticky zvy\u0161ovat da\u0148 z nemovit\u00fdch v\u011bc\u00ed o inflaci za p\u0159edchoz\u00ed obdob\u00ed.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Z\u00e1kon \u010d. 349\/2023 Sb. &#8211; konsolida\u010dn\u00ed bal\u00ed\u010dek a dan\u011b z p\u0159\u00edjmu Novou v\u00fdznamnou legislativou pro rok 2024 je z\u00e1kon \u010d. 349\/2023 Sb., kter\u00fdm se m\u011bn\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00e9 z\u00e1kony v&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1649,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kratkyaudit.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1648"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kratkyaudit.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kratkyaudit.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kratkyaudit.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kratkyaudit.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1648"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.kratkyaudit.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1648\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1651,"href":"https:\/\/www.kratkyaudit.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1648\/revisions\/1651"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kratkyaudit.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1649"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kratkyaudit.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1648"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kratkyaudit.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1648"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kratkyaudit.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1648"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}